April is IBS Awareness Month: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Care

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder recognized nationally in April during IBS Awareness Month. Affecting an estimated 10-15% of the global population, IBS is a chronic condition that impacts the digestive system, leading to discomfort and disruptions in daily life.

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While the exact cause of IBS is not fully understood, research suggests a combination of factors, including gut-brain interactions, food sensitivities, intestinal motility issues, and imbalances in gut bacteria. Stress and mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression can also exacerbate symptoms.

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Individuals with IBS experience a range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and changes in bowel habits—either diarrhea (IBS-D), constipation (IBS-C), or a mix of both (IBS-M).

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Symptoms can vary in severity and may fluctuate over time, making it challenging for patients to manage their condition. Though IBS does not cause permanent damage to the intestines or increase the risk of serious diseases, it significantly affects quality of life, leading to missed workdays, dietary restrictions, and emotional distress.

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IBS can affect people of all ages, but it is most commonly diagnosed in young adults and is more prevalent among women than men. Genetics may play a role, as well as environmental and lifestyle factors. Patients often struggle with symptom management, seeking guidance on diet, stress reduction, and medical treatment options.

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A primary care provider (PCP) plays a crucial role in diagnosing and managing IBS. Diagnosis is typically based on symptom history and the exclusion of other conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or celiac disease. While there is no single test to confirm IBS, a PCP may order blood tests, stool tests, or imaging to rule out other digestive disorders.

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Once diagnosed, a PCP helps guide treatment by recommending lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, including a low-FODMAP diet, increasing fiber intake, and identifying trigger foods. They may also suggest stress management techniques, probiotics, and medications tailored to the patient’s predominant symptoms. For those with severe IBS, a referral to a gastroenterologist or dietitian may be necessary.

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The low-FODMAP diet is a dietary approach designed to help manage symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other functional gut disorders. FODMAP stands for Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols—a group of short-chain carbohydrates that are poorly absorbed in the small intestine. These foods can cause digestive discomfort, including bloating, gas, diarrhea, and stomach pain, especially in people with IBS.

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High-FODMAP Foods to Avoid:

• Oligosaccharides (wheat, rye, onions, garlic, legumes like lentils and beans)
• Disaccharides (lactose-containing foods like milk, soft cheese, and yogurt)
• Monosaccharides (high-fructose foods like apples, honey, and high-fructose corn syrup)
• Polyols (sugar alcohols found in sugar-free gum, mints, and certain fruits like cherries, peaches, and cauliflower)

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Low-FODMAP Foods to Eat:

• Proteins: Eggs, chicken, fish, tofu, and firm cheeses like cheddar or Swiss
• Grains: Rice, quinoa, oats, and gluten-free bread
• Vegetables: Carrots, zucchini, spinach, potatoes, and cucumbers
• Fruits: Bananas, oranges, strawberries, and grapes
• Dairy Alternatives: Lactose-free milk, almond milk, and coconut yogurt

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How the Diet Works

The low-FODMAP diet is typically followed in three phases:

• Elimination Phase – Avoid high-FODMAP foods for about 4–6 weeks.
• Reintroduction Phase – Gradually reintroduce one FODMAP group at a time to identify specific triggers.
• Personalization Phase – Develop a long-term eating plan based on individual tolerance levels.

The low-FODMAP diet is not meant to be permanent, but rather a tool to identify food triggers and improve digestive symptoms. It is best followed under the guidance of a healthcare provider or dietitian to ensure nutritional balance and effectiveness.

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As IBS Awareness Month encourages education and support, individuals experiencing persistent digestive issues should consult their healthcare provider to explore effective strategies for symptom relief and improved well-being.